Untouched Tibetan Culture: Experience a rare glimpse into traditional Tibetan life, with ancient monasteries, vibrant festivals like Tiji, and a fascinating heritage preserved for centuries.
Stunning Scenery: Trek through a surreal landscape of high-altitude deserts, dramatic cliffs, and lush valleys, all framed by the majestic Himalayas.
Historic Lo Manthang: Discover the Forbidden Kingdom of Lo Manthang, a medieval walled city with centuries-old palaces, temples, and caves that tell stories of Mustang’s royal past.
Exclusive Adventure: As a restricted area, Upper Mustang offers a sense of exploration and exclusivity, with fewer trekkers and a pristine environment.
Spiritual Experience: Visit ancient Tibetan Buddhist monasteries and cave temples, some of which date back over 1,000 years, and immerse yourself in the area’s deep spiritual heritage.
Unique Trekking Challenge: Enjoy a moderately challenging trek with rewarding views, unique cultural encounters, and a sense of achievement in Nepal's remote and mystical part.
Lo-Manthang, Upper Mustang Region
The Forbidden City Lo Manthang is an unparalleled adventure deep into Nepal’s Upper Mustang Region. Once closed to foreigners, this remote and fascinating region offers a lifetime trekking experience with stunning trans-Himalayan landscapes, a rich Tibetan-influenced culture, and ancient monasteries. Unlike other trek routes in Nepal, Lo Manthang, Upper Mustang trek route sits in the rain shadow of the Himalayas, meaning you can visit even during the monsoon season. The trail on this hike features dramatic red cliffs, deep canyons, and breathtaking views of the Annapurna range, Nilgiri, and Dhaulagiri, making it a perfect blend of adventure, history, and spiritual discovery.
Whether you're drawn to the mystery of Lo Manthang, the vibrant Tiji Festival, or the thrill of high-altitude trekking, this trek offers a once-in-a-lifetime experience for every traveler. With options like trekking, jeep tours, and helicopter rides, you can explore this hidden gem of Nepal in a way that best suits your adventure style.
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Lo Manthang Nepal, a historic walled city of the Upper Mustang Region
Lo Manthang, a historic walled city in the Upper Mustang region of Nepal, is also known as the Forbidden Kingdom. It boasts deep Tibetan Buddhist roots, ancient architecture, and a rich history as the former capital city of the Kingdom of Lo. Once a vital trade hub along the ancient salt route, Lo-Manthang has remarkably preserved its heritage through its fortified walls, centuries-old monasteries, and vibrant cultural traditions.
Today, it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a fascinating destination for travelers seeking history, adventure, and spirituality.
Green fields around the walled city Lo Manthang, Nepal
Geography & Culture
Located at 3,800 meters (12,467 feet) on the Tibetan Plateau.
Inhabited by around 900 Lhobas, an ethnic group with Tibetan origins.
The region is geologically and culturally linked to Tibet, with traditional mud-brick houses and barley fields.
Korala Pass, the Nepal-Tibet border, is just 20 km from Lo Manthang, where locals still trade goods with Tibet.
Key Attractions of the Forbidden Kingdom of Lo Manthang
Lo Manthang Royal Palace – A historic residence of the Mustang kings.
Ancient Gompas (Monasteries) – such as Jampa Lhakhang, Thubchen Gompa, and Chodey Gompa, are rich in Buddhist heritage.
Cave Temples – Nearby caves with 13th-century Buddhist paintings and intricate murals influenced by Newari art.
Lowa Art Gallery & Book Shop – Showcasing local art, history, and Buddhist literature.
Tiji Festival – A vibrant annual celebration of Tibetan culture and spirituality.
Upper Mustang’s Stark Landscapes – A blend of high-altitude desert, deep canyons, and pockets of green farmland.
Lo-Manthang remains one of Nepal’s most intriguing and least-explored travel destinations.. The Upper Mustang Trek offers a rare glimpse into Tibetan culture, ancient history, and breathtaking landscapes. Whether you hike through its dramatic terrain, explore its centuries-old monasteries, or embark on a scenic jeep adventure, this adventure to the Upper Mustang Region, Lo Manthang, promises an unforgettable experience.
Why is the Upper Mustang Trek a restricted area?
Upper Mustang Trek is a restricted area because of its important location and cultural value. This remote trekking destination is situated near the Nepal-Tibet border and has deep historical ties to Tibet, making it geopolitically significant.
To protect the region's unique Tibetan-influenced architecture, culture, environment, and local ecosystem, access to the Mustang Upper region is controlled. Travelers wishing to explore this remote Himalayan landscape, visit sacred Buddhist sites, or experience authentic Tibetan traditions must obtain a special trekking permit. This regulation helps in sustainable tourism, protecting both the natural environment and the indigenous communities of the region.
How to get an Upper Mustang trek permit?
To trek in the Upper Mustang region, you need a special trekking permit as it is listed as a restricted area. These permits can be obtained through a registered trekking agency in Nepal, like A1 Excursion Adventure. The permit fee includes two parts: the Restricted Area Permit (RAP) and the Annapurna Conservation Area Permit, as the trek passes through both regions. Unlike other treks, TIMS cards are not required for the Upper Mustang trek as the RAP contains all the necessary details about you, including your route information and emergency contact.
Upper Mustang Trek Permit Cost:
Restricted Area Permit (RAP): This permit is essential for accessing Upper Mustang. It costs USD 500 for the first 10 days and USD 50 for each additional day.
Annapurna Conservation Area Permit: Since Upper Mustang is within the Annapurna Conservation Area, this permit is also required. The cost is USD 30 per person for foreigners and USD 10 for SAARC nationals.
Important Considerations for Mustang Region Trek Permit:
Passport Requirements: A valid passport and visa are required to apply for the permits.
Validity Period: The Restricted Area Permit is typically valid for 10 days, but it can be extended for an extra fee if needed.
Photo Requirements: You'll need passport-sized photos when applying for permits.
Note: Children under 10 can enter the region without a permit. Be sure to carry both permits with you and keep them handy for checkpoints, including Chele, the entry point to Upper Mustang.
Do you need help with your permits for the Upper Mustang Trek? We’re here to assist you every step of the way and will ensure that your permits are secured quickly and efficiently. Contact us today!
Scenic view on the Trek to Lo Manthang
Guide and Porter for Lo Manthang Nepal, Upper Mustang
Hiring a guide for the Lo Manthang, Upper Mustang Trek is mandatory as solo trekking is not allowed compared to many Nepal trekking routes. The cost of a guide typically ranges from $25 to $30 per day, while a porter usually costs $20 to $25 per day. These fees generally cover their meals, accommodation, and insurance. Since the Upper Mustang landscape region is restricted, hiring a professional and government-licensed guide is mandatory for a safe and enriching trekking experience.
Guide's role
A certified guide will:
Share insights about the region’s history, culture, and geography.
Ensure safe navigation along the trekking route.
Explain important landmarks such as monasteries and ancient settlements.
Porter's role:
A porter will:
Carry your luggage, making your trek more comfortable.
Help you manage the challenging terrain and high altitude.
Considerations when choosing a guide and porter:
Experience: Always choose a certified guide or porter with extensive experience to make your journey seamless.
Language Skills: Ensure your guide can communicate effectively in English or your preferred language.
Need a Guide or Porter for Your Trek to Lo Manthang?
We’re here to help! We can arrange experienced and reliable guides and porters to make your Upper Mustang adventure smooth and hassle-free.
Contact our experienced team members at the A1 Excursion Adventure today to book your team!
Upper Mustang Region Trekking Map
How do you reach the Kingdom of Lo, Upper Mustang?
The main ways we can reach the Lo Manthang, Upper Mustang Region are by air or by road. The best option depends on your preferences, budget, and travel time.
By Air: The fastest way to reach Upper Mustang is by taking a 20-minute flight from Pokhara to Jomsom. From Jomsom, you can either drive or trek to your destination.
By Road: You can travel by private jeep or regular bus from Pokhara to Jomsom, which takes around 8 to 10 hours. There is also a direct bus from Kathmandu to Muktinath via Jomsom for those who prefer a long but scenic road journey.
Ways to Get to Lo Manthang, Upper Mustang:
Drive from Kathmandu or Pokhara to Upper Mustang by Jeep
Travel by road from Kathmandu to Pokhara and then continue the journey to Upper Mustang by jeep. This overland route offers scenic views of mountains, rivers, and remote villages.
Flight from Kathmandu - Pokhara - Jomsom, then drive to the Upper Mustang region
Take a flight from Kathmandu to Pokhara, then another short flight to Jomsom. From Jomsom, you can drive to Upper Mustang Lo Manthang, making it a quick and comfortable journey.
Flight from Kathmandu - Pokhara - Jomsom, then trek to Upper Mustang region
This option is perfect for trekking enthusiasts. After flying to Jomsom, we can start our trek towards Upper Mustang, experiencing the region’s breathtaking landscapes and rich culture.
Upper Mustang Trekking Altitude Chart
Food and Dining on the trek to Lo Manthang
The Lo-Manthang offers simple yet nourishing meals at teahouses and lodges along the trail. The food is freshly prepared and provides enough energy for trekking. Most meals consist of traditional Nepali and Tibetan dishes, along with some international options. The most common food options you’ll find along the Upper Mustang Trekking routes are:
Dal Bhat – A staple Nepali meal with lentil soup, rice, and vegetables.
Momos – Tibetan-style dumplings, often steamed or fried.
Thukpa – A hearty noodle soup, perfect for cold weather.
Tibetan Bread – Fried bread with a slightly sweet taste.
Pancakes & Porridge – These are Popular breakfast choices.
Eggs – Cooked in different styles for breakfast.
Noodles, Pasta & Fried Rice – Simple yet familiar international dishes.
Vegetarian Options
Vegetarian meals are widely available as meat becomes scarce at higher altitudes of the Mustang region. Teahouses primarily serve plant-based meals, ensuring trekkers have sufficient energy for the journey.
Food Quality & Availability
Meals are basic but freshly prepared.
Portions are generous to keep trekkers energized.
Food variety may be limited, especially in remote areas.
Where to Eat
Most meals are served at tea houses and lodges along the trekking trails of this region. The quality of these lodges is similar to that of other trekking routes in Nepal. Food choices may be fewer in more remote areas, so carrying some snacks is recommended.
We're here to assist if you need help arranging your trek, permits, or accommodations! Contact us to make your Upper Mustang adventure hassle-free.
How Difficult is the High-Altitude Trek to Lo Manthang?
The Upper Mustang Trek is a moderately challenging adventure, perfect for trekkers with a basic level of fitness. Unlike some of Nepal's other high-altitude treks, which require technical climbing, this Himalayan high-altitude trail is more accessible. It offers an exciting challenge that's still manageable. However, you'll need to be prepared for factors like altitude, terrain, and weather conditions to ensure a successful and enjoyable experience.
Key Difficulty Factor
Altitude The trek stays below 4,230 meters (13,878 feet), with the highest point being Marang La Pass. While altitude sickness is rare, it's still important to take time to adjust to the elevation properly.
Terrain & Trail Conditions The trail includes rocky paths, wide dirt roads, and some climbs and descents. Unlike other high-altitude treks, many paths are wide enough for vehicles. Expect to walk for 6–7 hours each day on varying terrain.
Sun Cave Gompa, Lo Manthang
Best season for Mustang trek in the Mustang Region
Best Seasons for Mustang trek: Spring (March-May), Monsoon (June-August), and Autumn (September-November).
Daytime Temperatures: Between 13°C and 25°C (55°F - 77°F).
Night time Temperatures: Can drop to -3°C to 2°C (26°F - 35°F).
Winter Conditions: Heavy snow and extreme cold (-20°C to -15°C / -4°F to 5°F) make trekking difficult.
Physical Fitness Requirements for Lo Manthang Trekking
The region is not too strenuous, but a moderate level of fitness is still required. Cardio exercises like running, cycling, or hiking can help you prepare. The Upper Mustang region is suitable for most people with a basic fitness level and a sense of adventure. If you prefer a less physically demanding journey, jeep transfers are available along the route to give you a break from walking.
Exploring Ancient Buddhist Monasteries in Lo Manthang
Lo Manthang, the walled city of Upper Mustang, is a hidden gem of Tibetan-Buddhist heritage. Home to centuries-old monasteries, this region offers a deep spiritual and historical experience. These sacred sites provide a glimpse into ancient rituals, intricate artwork, and the spiritual traditions that have shaped the local community for generations.
Thubchen Gompa: A Sanctuary of Murals and Meditation
Thubchen Gompa is one of the most revered monasteries in Lo Manthang, built in the 15th century by the rulers of Mustang. Known for its stunning murals, this monastery features beautifully preserved paintings of Buddhist deities and mythological stories. The intricate woodwork, vibrant frescoes, and peaceful atmosphere make it a must-visit for those seeking spiritual insight and artistic inspiration. Even today, Thubchen Gompa remains an active meditation and prayer hall, hosting important religious ceremonies and festivals.
Namgyal Choedhe Monastery: A Sacred Site on the Hill
Situated at 3,850 meters, Namgyal Choedhe Monastery sits atop a hill to the west of Lo Manthang. This ancient monastery has been a vital spiritual center for Buddhist monks and devotees for centuries. Known for its rich history, it hosts annual rituals and ceremonies that draw pilgrims from Nepal and Tibet. The panoramic views from the monastery add to its appeal, making the journey to this sacred site a truly rewarding experience.
Must-See Attractions in the Trans-himalayas trek route to Lo Manthang
Tucked away in Nepal’s remote Himalayas, this Upper Mustang Trek to Lo Manthang is full of stunning landscapes, rich traditions, and ancient history. From sacred monasteries to breathtaking mountain views, trekking through Mustang feels like stepping into the past. Here are some must-visit places and attractions that truly capture the spirit of this unique region.
Royal Palace of Lo, Upper Mustang Region
Top Attractions
Muktinath Temple – A sacred pilgrimage site for Hindus and Buddhists near Thorong La Pass. Many visitors come here to seek blessings and cleanse their souls in its holy waters.
Ghar Gompa – An ancient monastery, also known as Lo Gekar Monastery, along the Upper Mustang trekking route, believed to grant wishes to those who visit with a sincere heart
Mustang Caves (Sky Caves of Nepal) – These fascinating caves, carved into cliffs, contain ancient Buddhist relics, manuscripts, and even mummified remains dating back over 2,000 years.
Shija Jhong Cave – A five-story cave complex in Chhoser that offers a rare glimpse into Mustang’s ancient way of life.
Kali Gandaki Gorge – One of the world’s deepest gorges, carved by the powerful Kali Gandaki River, offering breathtaking views.
Panoramic Mountain Views – Enjoy stunning sights of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri mountain ranges, creating an unforgettable experience for trekkers and nature lovers.
The Tiji Festival: A Spiritual Celebration in Lo Manthang, Upper Mustang Region
Every year, travelers from all over Nepal and beyond come to Lo Manthang, Upper Mustang, to take part in the Tiji Festival for a special three-day event called "The Chasing of the Demons." This festival is one of the most important celebrations in this region, full of festivities and celebrations that can be traced back to its Himalayan Buddhist traditions. The event features vibrant mask dances performed by monks, representing the triumph of good over evil. The Tiji Festival not only showcases the deep-rooted spirituality of Mustang but also offers visitors a rare opportunity to witness living Buddhist traditions in a spectacular setting.
For an in-depth look at the history and significance of the Tiji Festival, check out our detailed article here.
Fixed Departure for Upper Mustang Tiji Festival Trek
Alternative route by Jeep and Helicopter to Lo Manthang
If hiking isn't your preferred way to explore Lo Manthang, the Upper Mustang Region, we have comfortable and easy alternatives. Whether you choose a scenic Jeep tour to Upper Mustang or a luxurious helicopter journey, you'll be able to enjoy the beauty and culture of this magical region without the physical demands of trekking.
Jeep Tour
Duration: 7 to 12 days, typically
Route: Start from Kathmandu or Pokhara, traveling through beautiful villages like Marpha, Chele, and Ghami, all the way to the stunning Lo Manthang.
Highlights: Drive through rugged landscapes, experience ancient Tibetan culture, visit historic monasteries, and enjoy breathtaking views. The jeep tour allows you to stop and explore at your own pace.
Comfort: Travel in a well-equipped 4WD jeep, ensuring a smooth and comfortable ride for both adventure enthusiasts and culture seekers.
Helicopter Tour
Duration: Usually a day or a few days, depending on the package
Route: Fly directly from Kathmandu or Pokhara to Upper Mustang, offering spectacular aerial views of the landscapes and towering Himalayan peaks.
Highlights: A fast, luxurious way to visit key sites like Lo Manthang and ancient monasteries. Perfect for those with limited time or those looking for a unique and exclusive experience.
Comfort: Enjoy the luxury of flying in a private helicopter, which offers an exciting and special way to explore the region.
Explore Upper Mustang with Our Exclusive Trekking Package
Join our exclusive Upper Mustang Trek to experience the magic of Lo Manthang and its cultural heritages. This journey takes you through the heart of Mustang’s stunning landscapes, sacred sites, and is full of excitement. Book your adventure today and immerse yourself in the spiritual and historical wonders of Lo Manthang, Upper Mustang, Nepal.
Learn more about our trekking package here:
Alternative Popular Trek Packages:
Upper Mustang Trek: Also known as the Forbidden Kingdom, this ancient Tibetan kingdom trek offers stunning trans-Himalayan landscapes, rich Tibetan culture, and ancient monasteries. Unlike most treks, Upper Mustang lies in the rain shadow, making it ideal even during the monsoon season. Expect dramatic red cliffs, deep canyons, and breathtaking views of Annapurna, Nilgiri, and Dhaulagiri.
Manaslu Circuit Trek: One of the biggest highlights of the trek is crossing Larkya-La Pass (5,106m)—a thrilling challenge that rewards trekkers with sweeping views of the surrounding Himalayan peaks.
Annapurna Circuit Trek: The Annapurna region is best described as the most happening incentive trekking destination in Nepal. The Annapurna Circuit Trek has been proven as a highly praised and spectacular trekking route in the Annapurna region since it opened to foreign trekkers in 1977.
Upper Dolpo Upper Mustang: Upper Dolpo Upper Mustang will take you to the Ghar Gompa or Lo Gekar monastery in Mustang, which is the hidden gem of Upper Mustang. Tibetan guru Padmasambhava had built Ghar Gomba monastery in the 8th Century.
Final Thoughts
Nepal’s ancient walled city Lo Manthang is more than just an adventure trek—it's a journey through time, culture, and breathtaking Mustang desert terrain full of spiritual and cultural experiences. Whether you're drawn to the mystical Forbidden Kingdom of Lo, the vibrant Tiji Festival, or the stunning trans-Himalayan scenery, this trek offers an unparalleled experience for every traveler.
Ready to Experience the Lo Manthang Upper Mustang, one of Nepal's tourism hidden gems. Whether you prefer a thrilling trekking expedition, a comfortable jeep tour, or a luxurious helicopter ride, we’ve got you covered! Book Your Trek Today! Let us handle your permits, guides, and travel arrangements so you can focus on the adventure ahead to Lo Manthang, Upper Mustang.
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. Why is Upper Mustang called the "Forbidden Kingdom"?
Upper Mustang was historically an isolated region with restricted access to preserve its unique Tibetan culture and traditions. Foreigners were only allowed entry in 1992, and it still requires special permits for visitors.
2. Are permits required for the Upper Mustang trek to Lo Manthang?
Yes, you need a Restricted Area Permit (RAP) costing $500 for the first 10 days and $50 per additional day, along with the Annapurna Conservation Area Permit costing $30 per person.
3. What is the best time to trek to the Forbidden City of Lo?
The best seasons for trekking are Spring (March-May) and Autumn (September-November). Unlike other treks in Nepal, Upper Mustang is in a rain shadow, making it accessible even during the monsoon season (June-August).
4. How difficult is the Upper Mustang Trek?
It is a moderate trek, with the highest point at 4,230m (Marang La Pass). There are no technical climbing sections, but daily walks of 6-7 hours require good fitness.
5. Can I trek to Upper Mustang without a guide?
No, solo trekking is not allowed. You must hire a government-licensed guide and obtain permits through a registered trekking agency.
6. How to visit the Forbidden City of Lo Manthang?
You can visit Lo Manthang by:
Flight + Trek/Drive: Fly from Pokhara to Jomsom, then trek or take a jeep to Upper Mustang.
Overland (Jeep Tour): Drive from Kathmandu or Pokhara via Jomsom to Lo Manthang.
Helicopter Tour: Fly directly from Kathmandu or Pokhara for a luxury experience.
7. What kind of accommodation and food can I expect?
Accommodation: Teahouses and basic lodges with standard bedding and facilities.
Food: Local Tibetan & Nepali meals like Dal Bhat, Momos, Thukpa, Tibetan Bread, Pancakes, and Fried Rice.
8. Is altitude sickness a concern in Upper Mustang?
Since Upper Mustang’s altitude is below 4,300m, the risk of altitude sickness is lower compared to other high-altitude treks. However, proper acclimatization and hydration are still essential.
9. What are the major attractions of the Upper Mustang Trek?
Lo Manthang (Walled City of Mustang)
Tiji Festival (Annual Buddhist Celebration)
Ancient Monasteries (Jampa Lhakhang, Thubchen, Chodey Gompa)
Sky Caves of Nepal (Mysterious Cave Temples & Murals)
Kali Gandaki Gorge (One of the World’s Deepest Gorges)
10. Can I do the Upper Mustang Trek by Jeep or Helicopter?
Yes! If you prefer not to trek, you can explore the Upper Mustang through a Jeep Tour (7-12 days) or a Helicopter Tour (1-day or multi-day luxury trip).
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