Upper Mustang Trek: A Complete Guide to Nepal’s “Last Forbidden Kingdom”

Top Highlights of Upper Mustang Trek

• Immerse yourself in Upper Mustang’s mystical landscape where ancient history and Tibetan Buddhist culture blend seamlessly.
• Reach the highest point of 4,280m on the Chogo-La Pass.
• Discover cliffside medieval caves and ancient monasteries, such as Tsarang Gompa, dating back centuries.
• Experience Lo-Manthang, an ancient, walled city with 15th-century monasteries like Chode, Jampa Lhakhang, and Tubchen.
• See the stark beauty of Mustang’s landscapes, nestled in the rain shadow of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri ranges.
• Explore Muktinath, a revered Hindu and Buddhist pilgrimage site, and experience the vibrant Tiji festival in Lo-Manthang.

Why the Upper Mustang Trek Should Be on Your Bucket List

The Upper Mustang region is a standout among Nepal's trekking destinations, celebrated for its rich Tibetan Buddhist heritage, ancient Bon religion, and unique climate. Nestled in a rain-shadowed, trans-Himalayan zone, this region enjoys a dry, cool climate year-round, making it ideal for trekking not just in spring and autumn but also during the monsoon and summer seasons. Picture breathtaking views of snow-capped peaks, the mighty Kali Gandaki River carving through a vast valley, and copper-hued cliffs framing an arid, otherworldly landscape.

Bordering Tibet, Upper Mustang offers a glimpse into a preserved world where traditions and customs remain deeply rooted in Tibetan culture. Its centuries-long isolation creates an enchanting atmosphere, and monasteries, ancient cave dwellings, traditional attire, and medieval homes transport visitors back in time.

The trek provides an enriching experience, offering an easy-to-moderate challenge suitable for both beginners and seasoned hikers. Even if you’ve already explored Nepal’s other famous trekking routes,like Annapurna Base Camp, Everest Base Camp,or Langtang Valley, Upper Mustangoffers a one-of-a-kind adventure that beckons travelers to return for more.

Navigating the Trail: A Detailed Route Map for the Upper Mustang Trek

The route typically begins in Jomsom, leading trekkers through scenic, arid valleys to the walled city of Lo-Manthang. You’ll pass through culturally rich villages and ancient monasteries along the way.

Optimal Itinerary for the Upper Mustang Trek

Most treks follow an 18-day itinerary to allow proper acclimatization and exploration:

• Day 1: Arrive in Kathmandu
• Day 2: Sightseeing in Kathmandu and trek Preparation
• Day 3: Late Morning Drive to Pokhara
• Day 4: Fly to Jomsom (2,720m) 25 Minutes | Trek to Kagbeni
• Day 5: Trek to Chele 3,050 meters | Trip Duration:5 to 6 hours
• Day 6: Trek to Syangbochen 3,780 meters | Trip Duration:7 to 8 hours
• Day 7: Trek to Ghemi 3,520 meters | Trip Duration:5 to 6
• Day 8: Trek to Tsarang 3,570 meters | Trip Duration:5 to 6 hours
• Day 9: Trek to Lo Manthang, via Chogo-La Pass 4,280 meters | Trip Duration:6 to 7 hours
• Day 10: Explore Lo Manthang and Jhong Cave 3,970 meters | Trip Duration: Full-day
• Day 11: Trek to Yara 3,650 meters  | Trip Duration:5 hours
• Day 12: Trek to Tangye 3,240 meters | Trip Duration:5 to 6 hours
• Day 13: Trek to Chhuksang 3,050 meters   |Trip Duration:7 to 8 hours
• Day 14: Trek to Muktinath 3,762 meters | Trip Duration:6 to 7 hours
• Day 15: Drive to Jomsom, then fly to Pokhara Trip Duration:1 hour drive, 25 minutes flight
• Day 16: Explore Pokhara  | Trip Duration: full day
• Day 17: Fly Back to Kathmandu  | Trip Duration:30 minute flight
• Day 18: Departure

Route Variations on the Upper Mustang Trek

Upper Mustang offers an itinerary of eight to eighteen days, depending on your trekking preferences, budget, and time.

For those with limited time who prefer a more comfortable experience, a 10-day overland tour combines driving and trekking. This jeep tour takes you from Jomsom to Lo Manthang and continues to Muktinath, incorporating scenic drives and a two-way flight. Alternatively, you can hike from Jomsom to Lo Manthang and return by jeep, creating a balanced 10-day experience of trekking and driving.

If you'd like a slightly longer trek with fewer stops, consider a 17-day itinerary that focuses on reaching Lo Manthang and returning to Jomsom, without the Muktinath detour.

For a truly immersive experience of Tibetan Buddhism and Bon religion, consider the Upper Mustang Tiji Festival trek. This extended journey allows you to reach Lo-Manthang and participate in the vibrant, three-day Tiji Festival, a unique celebration that draws pilgrims and travelers alike.

You can also explore our  Best Upper Mustang Trek Packages, each thoughtfully designed to offer an unforgettable adventure below.

How Much Does the Upper Mustang Trek Cost? A Complete Breakdown

Due to its remote location, the Upper Mustang trek is more expensive than many other Nepalese treks. Expect to pay between USD 1999 and $2500, with cost variations based on inclusions such as flights, accommodation, meals, and guide fees. Permits, trekking gear, and tips are generally not included in package costs.

All-Inclusive Packages for a Hassle-Free Upper Mustang Trek

All-inclusive packages simplify logistics and generally cover:

• Airport to hotel transfer by private vehicle Domestic and International
• Hotel accommodation in Kathmandu on BB plan
• Hotel accommodation in Pokhara on BB Plan.
• Basic Accommodation of Lodges and guesthouses on a sharing basis during the trek.
• 3-time meals a day (Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner) at the time of Trekking with a cup of tea or coffee
• The Upper Mustang restricted special area permit fee is $500 per person for 10 days time durations. More than 10 days cost $ 50 each day.
• Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP permit)
• All Necessary Equipment (like A1 Sleeping bag, A1 down jackets, Inner liner, and A1 duffel Bag all returnable)
• An experienced Trekking Guide trained and certified by NATHM (Nepal Academy of Tourism and Hotel Management) and an experienced Porter (1 porter: 2 clients Basis)
• All staff necessities, including meals, Equipment, accommodation, Insurance, medical salary, expenses, and a field allowance.
• All ground Transportation from Kathmandu – to Pokhara, (all Private Vehicle)
• Flight from Pokhara-Jomsom & Pokhara- Kathmandu
• First Aid Kid Box( Primary Health Treatment only)
• All government and non-government service taxes 

For added comforts or private group arrangements, you can expect slightly higher costs. We appreciate your understanding and are committed to ensuring a tailored and exceptional experience.

Do You Need Guides and Porters? Tips for Trekking in Upper Mustang

Solo trekking is restricted, so hiring a certified guide is mandatory. Guides charge USD 25 to $35/day and porters charge USD 15 to $25/day. In addition to ensuring your safety, guides offer valuable insights into the local culture, while porters help lighten your load.

Solo trips can be slightly more expensive due to the required guide and porter fees. The cost of hiring a guide and porter for solo expeditions costs:

• Guide: USD 25 to $35 per day + tips
• Porter: $15 to $25 per day + tips

If you are planning to trek solo in the Mustang region, you will be responsible for all expenses related to the expedition, including accommodation, food, transportation, permits, and personal costs.

Make sure the guide has a license, is fluent in English if it's not your first language, has visited the area before, and is knowledgeable about the local history and culture.

Essential Permits for Upper Mustang Trekking: What You Need to Know

Upper Mustang is a restricted region in Nepal, where access is carefully controlled to preserve its unique Tibetan Buddhist culture and the ancient Bon religion. Since it shares a border with Tibet (China), it has an air of mystery and intrigue. For foreign visitors like yourself, a Restricted Area Permit is required to enter and explore this incredible area. On top of that, if you're trekking through, you'll need an additional permit to pass through the beautiful Annapurna Conservation Area. It’s all part of ensuring the area remains untouched and protected for future generations to experience its beauty and culture.

Upper Mustang Trek requires:

• Restricted Area Permit: USD 500 for the first 10 days, then USD 50 for each additional day.
• Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP): USD 30 per person for foreigners; USD 10 for SAARC nationals.

A TIMS card isn't needed for this Upper Mustang region trek since the Restricted Area Permit provides all necessary details about the trekker, including route information, emergency contact, and more.

You’ll need a copy of your passport, three passport-sized photos, your travel insurance policy number, your daily schedule, and the trekking route to get the permit. If you’re working with a trekking company, they’ll handle all the paperwork.

Keep in mind that permits are non-transferable and non-refundable. Children under 10 can enter without a permit. Make sure to carry both permits with you at all times and be ready to show them at checkpoints, including Chele, the entry point to Upper Mustang.

How Challenging is the Upper Mustang Trek? A Difficulty Overview

Rated as a moderate trek, the Upper Mustang route reaches a max altitude of 4,210m, which helps reduce severe altitude sickness. Trekking days typically require 5-6 hours of hiking, though some days might extend up to 9 hours. Be prepared with regular physical activity a month before your trek.

If you trek in the winter months, the journey can be much tougher due to snow and the need for bulky, warm clothing. For a smoother experience, the best seasons to visit are spring, fall, or even the monsoon. The trail can get very dry and dusty, so bring sunglasses to protect your eyes from the strong winds.

Upper Mustang Trek suits both beginners and experienced hikers, but a bit of preparation will go a long way. Regular activities like jogging, swimming, and hiking about a month before the trip can help build your stamina and fitness. It’s also a good idea to avoid alcohol and tobacco before and during the hike to keep your energy levels high.

Upper Mustang Trek Altitude Chart

Accommodation Choices on the Upper Mustang Trek

In the Upper Mustang, you’ll stay in tea houses—simple but cozy lodgings made of mud or brick. The tea houses in larger villages like Lo Manthang are a bit more spacious, with basic furnishings and shared bathrooms.

Most tea houses have shared restrooms, often with squat toilets, and only a few have attached bathrooms. Since not all tea houses provide toilet paper or soap, bringing your supplies is a good idea.

Showers in tea houses are usually communal and separate from the rooms. A hot shower costs around USD 3 in the Mustang region. Most tea houses use solar power for heating water, though a few also offer gas-heated showers.

Food Options Along the Upper Mustang Trek Route

Due to the local Tibetan communities, Upper Mustang offers many Tibetan and Chinese dishes. While the food options are similar to those in other trekking areas, they are simpler than those in cities like Kathmandu and Pokhara.

A popular trek meal is "Dal Bhat," a lentil soup, rice, and vegetable curry, with unlimited refills for around USD 6. Breakfast options include oatmeal, pancakes, eggs, and Tibetan bread. Be sure to try Thukpa, a local Tibetan noodle soup, and sample Mustang’s apple products, like juice and wine, as apple farming is a major industry here. Due to transport expenses, soft drinks cost about twice as much as in the city.

With the hot, dry climate, staying hydrated is key; aim to drink three to four liters of water daily. Communal taps are available in villages, but it’s best to bring water purification tablets or a filter bottle. Bottled water is also sold along the route but costs about USD 1.5 for half a liter.

Electricity Availability on the Upper Mustang Trek

Electricity access is limited, with most villages using solar power. Carry extra camera batteries, power banks, and portable solar panels as much as you can. Additionally, to conserve battery life during the hike, keep your phone in flight mode.

Internet Availability on the Upper Mustang Trek

Internet connectivity during the trek is highly inconsistent and unreliable. After Jomsom, finding Wi-Fi in tea houses is difficult due to the remoteness of the area. While some tea shops offer internet access, it’s usually costly—over $1 per hour—and often slow. In Muktinath, hotels provide slightly better Wi-Fi, allowing you to stay in touch or post photos.

You can also buy a local GSM SIM card in Kathmandu or Pokhara to access mobile data (GPRS) with the right data plan. However, as with Wi-Fi, the network is unstable at higher elevations, so it’s best to use the internet only when necessary.

The Best Seasons for the Upper Mustang Trek Experience

The Upper Mustang trek is best enjoyed in spring (March to May), fall (September to November), and monsoon (June to August). Unlike other trekking areas in Nepal, Upper Mustang lies in a rain shadow, meaning it stays mostly dry even during the monsoon season.

• Spring (March to May) is a favorite for trekking, with temperatures ranging from 16 to 22°C. You’ll enjoy clear blue skies and stunning mountain views, and in May, the Tiji Festival in Lo Manthang brings a chance to experience Tibetan Buddhist traditions and even meet members of the former royal family.
• Monsoon (June to August) sees heavy rain in much of Nepal, but Upper Mustang’s rain shadow keeps it largely dry, making it an excellent time for trekking. In August, Lo Manthang and Muktinath celebrate the Yartung Mela. However, flights from Pokhara can be delayed due to rain.
• Fall (September to November) offers temperatures between 12 and 20°C, dropping to -4°C at night. The season brings clear views of the Annapurna, Nilgiri, and Dhaulagiri ranges along with mild winds.
• In winter (December to February) the temperatures drop significantly, reaching as low as -22°C at higher altitudes. The journey requires warm clothing and extra caution due to the snowy conditions.

AMS Awareness and Tips for Trekking in Upper Mustang

Since solo trekking is not allowed in Upper Mustang, you’ll need to join a group with a certified guide, making the journey safer and well-supported. The trail is also well-marked, so getting lost is unlikely, and locals are friendly and welcoming.

The Upper Mustang trek reaches a maximum altitude of 4,210 meters (13,812 feet), which is lower than other treks in Nepal, making altitude sickness less common on this route. However, trekkers may experience Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) as they approach 3,000 meters (9,842 feet) due to reduced oxygen levels. AMS symptoms range from mild (headaches, fatigue, and insomnia) to more serious (dizziness, nausea, rapid heartbeat).

To reduce the risk of altitude sickness, follow the trekking schedule closely and take time to acclimatize. Ascend slowly, taking small steps at higher elevations to allow your body to adjust. Consult a doctor about preventive medications like Diamox before your trek. If symptoms persist, your guide is there to provide immediate assistance.

What to Pack for the Upper Mustang Trek: A Complete Checklist

The packing list for the Upper Mustang Trek includes basic gear, warm clothing, and some seasonal considerations. The list may vary slightly depending on when you trek.

Here's a general packing list for the trek:

• Clothing: Layered clothing for warmth, including a waterproof jacket, fleece jacket, and thermal layers. A warm hat, gloves, and scarf are also recommended.
• Footwear: Comfortable, sturdy trekking boots, and socks suitable for long hikes.
• Sleeping Bag: While you’ll be staying in tea houses, bringing a sleeping bag is recommended for extra warmth at night.
• Basic Gear: A daypack, water bottle or hydration system, trekking poles, and headlamp/flashlight.
• Personal Items: Sunscreen, lip balm, sunglasses, toiletries, and a camera.
• First Aid Kit: Including personal medications, bandages, antiseptic, and altitude sickness tablets (consult your doctor).

Since this is a tea house trek, you won’t need camping gear like tents or stoves. There’s also no need for bulky equipment like crampons and gaiters as this is a moderate trek. Instead of bringing gear from home, you can easily purchase or rent items in Thamel, Kathmandu, or Pokhara. You can also ask your trekking agency to help you with a detailed packing list tailored to your specific trek.

ATM and Cash Options for the Upper Mustang Trek

In the Mustang region, Jomsom being the commercial hub, has both banks and ATMs. However, once you leave Jomsom, ATM access becomes limited until you reach Muktinath, another popular tourist destination. While there are a few private bank branches in Lo Manthang and Kagbeni, they do not have ATM services.

Since money exchange services are not available in the Mustang region, it’s important to carry cash, particularly in Nepali Rupees (NPR). Tea house owners and locals in Upper Mustang only accept NPR and do not accept foreign currencies. Given the limited infrastructure in the region, it’s advisable to withdraw enough cash in Kathmandu before starting your trek and carry it with you for the duration of your journey.

Do You Need Travel Insurance for the Upper Mustang Trek?

Travel insurance is essential for trekking in the Upper Mustang. This remote and restricted area of Nepal has limited vehicle access and few health posts along the trail. Although the trek is relatively safe, altitude sickness can be a risk as the route climbs above 4,000m (13,123ft). In emergencies, quick medical assistance can be hard to get, and helicopter evacuation—which is costly—may be necessary.

To ensure a safe trek, it’s highly recommended to secure travel insurance for Upper Mustang. Look for a reputable policy that covers high-altitude treks up to 5,000m (16,404ft) and includes cancellation coverage. When choosing a policy, provide your insurer with your daily itinerary, highest altitude, trekking area, Costs, and emergency contacts. A reliable choice for adventure travel insurance in Nepal is World Nomads, which covers outdoor activities and trekking.

How to book Upper Mustang Trek?

Booking the Upper Mustang trek is best done through a local travel agency with expertise in the region such as A1 Excursion Adventure. Since the Upper Mustang is a restricted area, you must trek with at least two people and a licensed guide.

For those preferring not to join a group, some experienced agencies can arrange a solo trek with just a guide, though two permits are still required. While a smaller group can be arranged, a guide is mandatory.

To ensure a smooth experience and compliance with regulations, it’s recommended to book with a trusted agency, such as A1 Excursion Adventure, which has experience organizing treks to Upper Mustang.

Tips for Upper Mustang Trek

Here are some essential tips to keep in mind when embarking on the Upper Mustang Trek.

• Stay Hydrated: Due to the dry climate, drink ample water.
• Try Local Dishes: Enjoy Tibetan bread, Dal Bhat, and apple-based treats.
• Bring Cash: Limited ATMs mean you’ll need enough cash for the entire trek.
• Prepare for Limited Connectivity: Expect minimal electricity and internet access.
• Pack Light but Smart: Include layers and other essentials for comfort at altitude.
• Drone Regulations: If you're planning to fly a drone, remember that you must obtain permission from the relevant authorities before doing so.

Why the Upper Mustang Trek is Worth Every Step

The Upper Mustang Trek promises a truly unique and memorable experience, ideal for both new and seasoned trekkers exploring Nepal’s remote northern landscapes. This guide offers key insights to help you get ready for the journey.

Ready for the Upper Mustang Trek? Connect with our team of experts at  A1 Excursion Adventure.Let us handle the details, so you can fully enjoy your trek. Book today and embark on a once-in-a-lifetime adventure in Nepal.

FAQs 

1. What is the best time to do the Upper Mustang Trek?

• The best time to trek Upper Mustang is during the spring (March-May) and autumn (September-November) seasons. However, the region’s unique trans-Himalayan climate also makes it an ideal destination during the monsoon season (June-August).

2. Do I need special permits for the Upper Mustang Trek?

• Yes, trekkers need the Upper Mustang Restricted Area Permit (USD 500 for the first 10 days, USD 50 for each additional day) and the Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP) to enter the region.

3. Is the Upper Mustang Trek suitable for beginners

• Yes, the trek is considered easy to moderate, making it accessible for beginners with basic fitness levels. However, proper acclimatization and preparation are crucial due to the high altitude.

4. How long does the Upper Mustang Trek take?

• The trek typically takes 10 to 18 days, depending on the itinerary and mode of transport (on foot, jeep, or a mix of both).

5. Can I trek independently in the Upper Mustang?

• No, the Upper Mustang region is a restricted area, and solo trekking is not allowed. You must hire a licensed guide and trek with a minimum of two people in a group.

6. What kind of accommodation is available on the trek?

Accommodation along the route is primarily in tea houses or lodges. These are basic but comfortable, offering meals and a warm place to stay. Some itineraries may include camping for remote sections.

7. What is the altitude of the Upper Mustang Trek, and do I need to worry about altitude sickness?

• The trek’s highest point is the Chogo-La Pass at 4,280 meters. While altitude sickness is possible, proper acclimatization days in the itinerary and staying hydrated can help minimize the risk.

8. How much does the Upper Mustang Trek cost?

• The trek costs around USD 1,999 to 2,500 per person, depending on inclusions such as permits, guide fees, transportation, meals, and accommodation.

9. Are there ATMs available during the trek?

• No, ATMs are not available beyond Jomsom. It is recommended to carry sufficient cash in Nepali rupees for the duration of the trek.

10. What cultural sites should I explore in Upper Mustang?

• The trek highlights include Lo Manthang, the ancient walled city; Tsarang Monastery, Jhong Cave, Chode Monastery, and Muktinath, a revered pilgrimage site for both Hindus and Buddhists.